Data modeling
A Data Model is the visual representation of all the data elements of an organization and the connections between them.
A well-designed Data Model provides your application with several benefits, including:
- Efficient reuse.
- Easy maintenance.
- Increased adaptability and scalability.
The main purpose of the Data Model is to define the data that your application requires to achieve the business outcome. Data Models are also critical tools for communication between business stakeholders who define requirements for the data needed and created by business processes, and the System Architects who act upon the requirements to build the application. Additionally, a Lead System Architect should verify the Data Model before creating data objects or fields.
Pega Platform™ uses three variations of the Data Model:
- The Conceptual Data Model
- The Logical Data Model
- The Physical Data Model
The Conceptual Data Model
The Conceptual Data Model is created by the team Business Architect and various stakeholders. Documenting the Conceptual Data Model for an application starts by understanding the data entities and attributes the business uses to process work, as well as the relationship between those data elements.
The following diagram represents a Conceptual Data Model for books stored in a warehouse. The illustration shows the basic entities, attributes, and relationships between the key elements of the book warehouse inventory model. In this example, Warehouse is the entity, while Name, City, and Capacity are the attributes. Additionally, Warehouse has a direct relationship with the Address and Inventory entities:
Consider the Conceptual Data Model as a living document. Use the Conceptual Data Model when meeting with business stakeholders about your design for the business process as it helps business stakeholders visualize the data entities you have identified. This visualization makes gaps in the process or data easier to identify.
As you construct the Conceptual Data Model, you do not need to model every single piece of data required to achieve the business outcome, but time spent in data design early in the project can save time later if you find that the data requirements of the business are not fully understood.
Overall, the Conceptual Data Model helps to mitigate the risk of rework due to misunderstandings in the early stages of the project. Of course, as the project progresses and the team obtains additional insights, the Conceptual Data Module might change. Still, this Conceptual Data Model is a solid starting point for the application development discussions.
The Logical Data Model
The Logical Data Model is the Conceptual Data Model translated and refined for Pega Platform.
In the center of the following image, slide the vertical line to see an example about how the Conceptual Data Model translates to the Logical Data Model using the Warehouse scenario as the example:
The Logical Data Model converts the data entities and attributes of the Conceptual Data model into data object and fields, respectively.
In Pega, fields are reusable UI components that consist of a name and a Field Type. The Field Type determines the format of the data that can be entered into the field. Each field stores a value that is associated with a Case.
A data object is a structure for describing an entity by grouping a set of related fields. Data objects are reusable across all of an application's Case Types.
Note: Fields and data objects are discussed in more detail later in this mission.
In the following image, click the + icons to learn more about how data objects and fields combine to define the application's Logical Data Model:
The Physical Data Model
The Physical Data Model reflects data as it is stored and accessed in the application.
The focus of the Physical Data Model is the integration settings required to access the organization's data, including local storage with the Pega database and any external systems of record used by the organization.
Details of the Physical Data Model are visible on App Studio's Integration Designer landing page. The Integration Designer provides a single location in App Studio for accessing the data objects, data object dependencies, and systems of record in an application. The Integration Designer also provides insight into how the entities that define the Physical Data Model are connected.
In the following image, click the + icons to learn about the information displayed on the Integration Designer landing page:
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